ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE What is artificial intelligence(A.I.)? Artificial Intelligence is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It is similar to the task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956,defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines”. Alexander Kronrod, a Russian AI researcher, said “Chess is the Drosophila of A.I.” He was making an analogy with geneticists' use of the fruit fly to study inheritance. Playing chess requires certain intellectual mechanism and not others. Chess programs now play at grandmaster level, but they do it with limited intellectual mechanisms compared to those used by a human chess player, substituting large amounts of computation for understanding. Once we understand these mechanisms better, we can build h...
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